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T&R Bulletin 5-6 (2019) - Robustness Of Floating Production Systems Philosophy

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Robustness is an emergent property of a system that requires careful ordering, and balancing, of sub-system requirements and interactions to build resistance to the initiation and progression of hazardous events such as the crossing of limit state thresholds. When subjected to a scoped perturbation, a robust system should not cascade out of control or experience disproportionate responses. 

Robustness is not a new concept and many codes already have robustness measures implicit in them. This means that even for standardized designs based on minimal functional requirements and which are code based, there is significant robustness inherited from the codes used. But technology changes, applications differ and no code is perfect, so regardless of any existing measure, care and effort should be expended to identify risks and failure modes that may exist outside the scope or range of any existing code and additional robustness measures introduced if they are found necessary.

Also, simply designing components to meet ever higher performance levels is not an adequate guarantee or measure of robustness because floating production systems are complex with sub-system interactions and co-dependencies that are not always understood or in some cases even identified. Fixing a local component problem can lead to unexpected consequences elsewhere. Instead, robustness must be addressed on both a component and systems level in a balanced approach that results in the highest possible level of overall system robustness.

This Bulletin identifies three levels of robustness: operational (R1), survival (R2), and reserve (R3).  These three levels form a continuum spanning state space from the edge of a project defined safe operating limit (SOL) up to the point of system failure.

This Bulletin encourages the use of systems engineering methods to define the boundaries, interfaces and structure of a system. Proper problem definition that satisfies mission objectives and business needs while minimizing the overall stress on the system is beneficial. HAZIDs can be used to identify risk and determine management strategies. During design, these strategies should minimize the available pool of hazards from which a hazardous event can initiate. During operations, these strategies should erect, maintain and adapt barriers against the initiation and propagation of a hazardous event.

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T&R Bulletin 3-15 (2018) - Guide to the Design and Testing of Anchor Windlasses

Guide to the Design and Testing of Anchor Windlasses
The purpose of this guide is to set forth reasonable criteria for the design and testing of commercial anchor windlasses. Emphasis has been directed to those areas where controversy has been known to exist. No attempt has been made to establish criteria in those areas of detailed design and manufacture where each manufacturer's practice has normally satisfactorily governed. 

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T&R Bulletin 3-37 (2018) - Design Guide for Shipboard Airborne Noise Control

Design Guide for Shipboard Airborne Noise Control
An understanding of the noise limits required for effective oral communication, hearing protection, and crew comfort has led to the establishment of stringent airborne noise criteria in the working and living spaces aboard ships. At the same time, the emphasis on greater ship power and reduced weight, both of which tend to increase noise levels, makes compliance with the criteria more difficult. As a result, the control of airborne noise has evolved as a specific design function to be included in the normal design process for every ship design, conversion, or modernization.

This guide will help the user to develop an acoustical design that will reduce shipboard airborne noise to levels intended to meet the criteria for crew comfort, speech communication, and hearing protection; it contains
a) Procedures for predicting airborne noise levels in ship spaces
b) Methods for estimating the effectiveness of noise control treatments
c) Guidelines for good acoustical design practices
d) Guidance in the management of a shipboard noise control program plan

The airborne noise levels predicted by the procedures in this guide can be compared with the ship's noise criteria to identify the spaces that are likely to be too noisy and the noise sources and transmission paths that will be major contributors to excessive noise levels. The discussion of noise control methods will then help the designer select the most effective treatment for an identified noise problem. The objective is to help the designer meet the noise criteria by encouraging the use of good acoustical design practices that will minimize the number of noise control treatments required. In addition, the guidance provided here for managing a shipboard noise control program will assist in effective integration of a good acoustical design into the overall ship design. For example, the designer will become aware of where and when acoustical design is needed and can be applied most effectively, the relations between acoustical and non-acoustical design factors, and the iterative process often required in the development of an acceptable ship design.

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T&R Bulletin 3-39 (2018) - Guide for Shop and Installation Tests

Guide for Shop and Installation Tests
This guide was originally developed from SNAME T&R Bulletin 3-8 (1960) Code on Installation and Shop Tests by a panel composed of members active in the marine field with particular interest and responsibility in shop testing and installation testing of ship equipment and in ship systems testing. The panel, referred to as Panel M-19, falls under the guidance of SNAME's Ship’s Machinery Committee. The current update is revised directly from the 1985 version of the document.

This update effort was supported by funding from the National Shipbuilding Research Program. Those contributing to the update include a variety of volunteers from organizations including shipbuilders, ship owners, ship designers, operators, Classification Society, Government organizations, and others. Publications of other SNAME Technical Panels, Classification Societies, and international standards organizations were consulted to check compatibility and various sources in the technical literature were researched for advances and current trends.

The purpose of the Guide is to provide equipment manufacturers, ship designers, shipbuilders, and ship owners with a source of information on shop and shipboard testing to form a basis for judging good marine practice. The Guide covers shop and installation tests for equipment and systems used on commercial ships. The Guide is not restricted to any particular ship type. In many instances the shop and installation tests will also be useful for naval ship construction, particularly for auxiliary ship types


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New Chapters of the Marine Engineering Series are available for Pre-Order


Design of Marine Engineering Systems in Ship Concept Design
The newly revised edition of this material contains significant improvements and updates.
 
Marine Engineering system design is an integral part of ship design and must be considered, even in early ship design stages, at a sufficient level of detail for making design decisions. Understanding marine engineering systems in the context of the total ship is an important starting point for understanding marine engineering in general and this is the primary objective of this first chapter. From a functional point of view, a ship is one of the most complex vehicles known to man. It must perform its missions reliably in a hostile environment for extended periods, usually with a crew onboard, safely transported inside a large watertight moving box. To accomplish this, ships have a greater variety of systems and collectively must perform more internal and external functions than most any other vehicle. 
 
Among other systems engineering methods, network-based design approaches and optimization have the potential to identify affordable and effective feasible solutions early in the design process. A network-based architecture approach for marine engineering system design is presented in this chapter.

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Thermodynamics, Combustion and Heat Engineering
The newly revised edition of this material contains significant improvements and updates.
 
Being able to understand and apply the principles of conservation of mass and conservation of energy are fundamental to the solution of applied marine engineering thermodynamics problems.

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Marine Propulsion Machinery Vibration
The newly revised edition of this material contains significant improvements and updates.
 
Vibration is the oscillatory motion that can occur in all bodies with mass and flexibility. Ship vibration can be either hull and structural vibration or machinery vibration, or generally a coupling of the two.
 
The goal of this chapter is a teaching and reference introduction to ship machinery vibration with an emphasis on the vibration of the main propulsion shafting system.

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Sound and Noise Control
The newly revised edition of this material contains significant improvements and updates.
 
Creating a quiet ship is a complex process. A ship presents two diametrically opposite challenges to achieving a quiet environment. These are powerful equipment and propulsors inside and outside a confined floating space and comfort for the crew and passengers within that envelope. Just as a ship designer needs to consider power, speed, metacentric height, etc., they also should know about the acoustical design considerations prior to building the vessel. Fortunately, using the proper engineering, design tools, and appropriate planning, this process is relatively straightforward.

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Marine Boilers
The newly revised edition of this material contains significant improvements and updates.
 
From the dawn of the Industrial Revolution the attention of many individuals focused on the advantages of powering ships by steam. A study of the history of early marine boilers reveals that early designers and engineers did not lack novel and ingenious ideas for steam propulsion equipment. However, they did lack the materials and machine tools with which to implement these ideas. Dependable boilers were sorely needed in the development of the steamboat.

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Marine Nuclear Power
The newly revised edition of this material contains significant improvements and updates.
 
The purpose of this chapter is to present a survey of the application of nuclear energy to marine propulsion. With the continued push to comply with ever increasing airborne emission reduction control laws, nuclear power is a viable option as it does not produce greenhouse gases or air pollution such as NOx, SOx, CO and CO2. This chapter is directed toward people having an engineering background but no experience regarding nuclear reactors. Fundamental atomic theory and nuclear reactor theory are described with an overview of former, current and possible advanced nuclear reactor options to propel and power future merchant marine and naval vessels.

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Integrated Electric Propulsion
The newly revised edition of this material contains significant improvements and updates.
 
The purpose of this chapter is to present a survey of the application of nuclear energy to marine propulsion. With the continued push to comply with ever increasing airborne emission reduction control laws, nuclear power is a viable option as it does not produce greenhouse gases or air pollution such as NOx, SOx, CO and CO2. This chapter is directed toward people having an engineering background but no experience regarding nuclear reactors. Fundamental atomic theory and nuclear reactor theory are described with an overview of former, current and possible advanced nuclear reactor options to propel and power future merchant marine and naval vessels.

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Reduction Gears
The newly revised edition of this material contains significant improvements and updates.
 
The purpose of this chapter is to present a survey of the application of nuclear energy to marine propulsion. With the continued push to comply with ever increasing airborne emission reduction control laws, nuclear power is a viable option as it does not produce greenhouse gases or air pollution such as NOx, SOx, CO and CO2. This chapter is directed toward people having an engineering background but no experience regarding nuclear reactors. Fundamental atomic theory and nuclear reactor theory are described with an overview of former, current and possible advanced nuclear reactor options to propel and power future merchant marine and naval vessels.

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Shafting, Bearings and Lubrication
The newly revised edition of this material contains significant improvements and updates.
 
The ship’s main propulsion transmission system consists of the equipment and components necessary to convert the rotative output power of the propulsion prime mover into the thrust power delivered by the propulsor to propel the ship. These equipment and components consist of the main reduction gearing, if needed to reduce the prime mover rotational speed to the required propeller speed, and the propulsion shafting system, consisting of the line and waterborne shafting, shaft bearings and couplings, and the propeller.
 
This chapter focuses on the design of the propulsion shafting, the shaft bearings and their lubrication. The propeller hydrodynamic design and the design of reduction gears are presented in other chapters and are not repeated here. Although the fundamentals outlined in the following sections apply to all types of prime movers and propulsors, the discussion is for a propulsion plant using a fixed-pitch propeller and a geared diesel prime mover in order to avoid being unduly confusing in the discussion. However, considerations are discussed where the selection of a prime mover has an influence on the shafting design.
 
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Heat Transfer and Heat Exchangers
The newly revised edition of this material contains significant improvements and updates.
 
Heat exchangers are used to transfer heat from a hotter fluid (liquid or gas) to a colder fluid (liquid or gas). This broad definition encompasses a wide array of equipment, including boilers, condensers, distilling plants, and ventilation cooling coils, which are given detailed coverage in other chapters. Consequently, this chapter if focused upon the many other types of shell-and-tube, plate, and compact heat exchangers that are used aboard ships and includes an assessment of thermal design, mechanical design, and design-for-manufacture considerations.

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Coming Soon

Marine Fuels, Storage and Treatment
Cybersecurity of Marine Systems
Biology of Marine Invasions and Biofouling
Risk, Reliability and Safety
Technical Business Case Investment Analysis
Technology Foresight
Reciprocating Engines
Gas Turbines
Marine Propulsors
Hybrid Power Generation and Energy Storage
Steam Turbines and Systems
Electrical Distribution Systems
Dynamic Positioning Systems
Fluid Systems
HVAC and Refrigeration Systems
Hull Machinery and Systems
Pumps, Compressors, Blowers and Ejectors
Ballast Water Treatment
Exhaust GasTreatment
Waste Treatment, Recycle and Disposal